1. General

1.1 Definition

Carbon is known today in three essential forms:

lediamond, the hardest of all bodies, has a three-dimensional cubic structure (d = 0.351 nm); it is transparent, an electrical insulator and an excellent thermal conductor; it is used mainly in cutting tools and as a die;
Fulllerenes, a family of spherical molecules comprising 60 to 70 carbon atoms forming a mixed network of hexagons and pentagons like in a soccer; these molecules have just been discovered and their fundamental properties are barely known;
black varieties, essentially made up of an association of carbon layers; each layer is a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms, 3 of whose valences...

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General

(1) - Les carbones - . Groupe Français d'Étude des Carbones. Masson & Cie (1965).
(2) - WALKER (Ph.L.), THROWER (P.A.) - Chemistry and physics of carbon. - 23 tomes déjà publiés. Marcel Dekker (1965).
...

TI 1. DUMAS (D.), PARISOT (C.) et BUSCAILHON (A.) - Carbones et graphites - . A 7 400. 11.1984. (supprimé en mai 1996).