Article | REF: C2254 V2

Delayed ettringite formation in concrete structures - Mechanism, pathology and prevention

Authors: Bruno GODART, Loïc DIVET

Publication date: June 10, 2024

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1. Mechanism of the internal sulfate reaction

The phenomenon of internal sulfate reaction (ISR) results from the delayed formation of a mineral called "ettringite" with the chemical formula 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 .3CaSO 4 .32H 2 O.

This delayed formation of ettringite can lead to expansion, manifested by the appearance of relatively large-mesh, multidirectional cracking on the concrete surface.

However, ettringite is not systematically harmful to concrete, as it is a normal product of cement hydration. That's why we've provided the following information on the different types of ettringite found in concrete.

1.1 Different...

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Mechanism of the internal sulfate reaction