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2. Tunnel construction methods
2.1 Two main categories of construction methods
Tunnel construction can be summed up in three stages:
digging up the soil: this is the felling function;
evacuate excavated soil: this is the marinating function;
support the ground if it is not naturally stable: this is the function of support (temporary) and/or lining (permanent).
Ever since the first underground structures were built, the principle has been to excavate over a limited length so that the structure remains stable in the short term, i.e. for the time it takes to set up any retaining structures: this is sequential work, which means that the various functions have to be carried...
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Tunnel construction methods
Description of conventional methods
Bibliography
Standards and norms
CCTG fascicule 69 "Travaux en souterrains" of 20/01/2012 (approved by the decree of May 30, 2012) and its application guide (25/10/2019)
https://www.economie.gouv.fr/daj/fascicule69-cctg-mp-travaux-genie-civil-travaux-en-souterrain
AFTES: The Association...
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AFTES: French Tunnel and Underground Space Association
CETU: Center for Tunnel Studies
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