8. Conclusion

There's no doubt that fuel cell electric vehicles will be on our roads tomorrow. After being considered a "promising" subject for many, many years, fuel cells and fuel cell vehicles are now the focus of intense development and commercialization programs in Europe, the USA, Japan, Korea and China. Of course, many technical, economic and strategic hurdles (concerning fuel) still need to be overcome over the coming years.

From an economic point of view, the main hurdles to overcome are component costs, with targets of $30/kW for a complete fuel cell system. At present, this is at least an order of magnitude higher. A great deal of work needs to be done on the decarbonized production and storage of hydrogen to enable significant penetration of hydrogen mobility. Lowering the price of green hydrogen requires massive investment in electrolyzers and refueling stations,...

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Acronyms, notations and symbols

Bibliography

(1) - GRIMES (P.G.) - Historic pathways for fuel cells – The new electric century. - IEEE AES Systems Magazine, p. 7-10 (2000).
(2) - MOND (L.), LANGER (C.) - A new form of gas battery. - Phil. Mag., vol. 46, p. 296-304 (1889)....

Standards and norms

Hydrogen fuel – Product specification – Part 2: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles. - ISO/TS 14687-2 - 2012
Hydrogen gas and hydrogen gas mixtures – Fuel tanks for land vehicles. - ISO/TS 15869 - 2009
Considérations fondamentales pour la sécurité des systèmes à l'hydrogène. - ISO/TR 15916 - 2004
Transportable gas storage devices – Hydrogen absorbed in a reversible...

Regulations

In addition to the traditional type-approval rules for combustion-powered vehicles and the rules relating to the electrification of the propulsion system, fuel cell vehicles are subject to specific European regulations, such as EC 79/2009 and its implementing directive 406/2010. These two regulations require proof of the hydrogen system's operational safety. They also require "type-approval" for the most sensitive components...