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ABSTRACT
Using several heat sources, heat transformers can produce either power, refrigeration or heat. A typology of heat transformers is presented for two-temperature and three-temperature level systems. The number of such heat transformers is limited by thermodynamics. Among the most useful solutions for energy, well-known two-temperature level systems (refrigerators and heat engines) are mentioned, but also a compression-absorption system. More space is devoted to three-temperature level systems including sorption systems and ejector systems, including a transcritical CO2 cycle using an ejector.
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Francis MEUNIER: Professor Emeritus at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers - Honorary Director of IFFI (Institut Français du Froid Industriel), Paris, France
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Pierre NEVEU: Professor, University of Perpignan, Via Domitia, Perpignan, France - This article is an updated reprint of the article [BE 9 734] entitled "Machines frigorifiques – Classification" written by Maxime DUMINIL in 2002.
INTRODUCTION
The thermal converters (refrigeration machines, heat pumps, thermotransformers) discussed in this article are systems which, from at least two heat sources at different temperatures, can produce mechanical energy, cold and/or heat.
Particularly common examples of thermal converters are heat engines and refrigerators, which correspond to dithermal systems. But there are also trithermal systems.
Before presenting a typology of thermal converters, we must first recall the constraints introduced by the first two principles of thermodynamics for the design and realization of such systems.
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KEYWORDS
adsorption | thermodynamic | absorption | ejection
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Thermal converters
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Bibliography
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Manufacturers
Carrier-Sanyo: absorption systems
Hitachi/Johnson Control : absorption systems
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