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3. Multi-stage refrigeration cycles
Refrigeration cycles with more than two mechanical compression stages can also be found. Multi-stage refrigeration cycles (or heat pumps) can be used:
to produce low temperatures;
produce very low temperatures for gas liquefaction;
to increase the thermodynamic efficiency of the refrigeration system;
to better manage heat absorption and rejection, which can occur at different temperature levels in an industrial process.
3.1 Low-temperature production
The production of low temperatures: – 60 °C, – 70 °C, – 80 °C, etc. (e.g. for the needs of the chemical industry, freeze-drying, gas liquefaction, etc.)...
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Multi-stage refrigeration cycles
Cascade refrigeration (or heat pump) cycles with separate refrigerants
Bibliography
Software tools
Refprop http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist23.cfm
Solkane https://solkane-refrigerants.software.informer.com/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9charger/
Websites
Alliance Froid Climatisation Environnement (regulations) http://www.afce.asso.fr/
Datafluids (texts on regulated refrigerants) http://www.datafluides.fr
Events
Interclima http://www.interclimaelec.com/
IPA Show http://www.ipa-web.com/
Cold Chain Forum http://www.coldchainforum.com/
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Regulations
Annexes to the order of November 19, 2009 published in the Journal officiel no. 298 of December 24, 2009 and in the Bulletin officiel no. 2009-24 in the list of texts published in the Journal officiel NOR: DEVP0927337A (text not published in the Journal officiel).
Décret n° 2011-544 du 18 mai 2011 relatif aux attestations de prise en compte de la réglementation thermique et de réalisation d'une étude...
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