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6. Outlook
In conjunction with GHG emissions reduction targets (a minimum target of – 50% is regularly mentioned for 2050), in order to limit global warming to around 2 K, the following developments seem unavoidable, pending new developments not yet known:
the development of ammonia use thanks to recent regulatory relaxations and load reduction solutions;
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developing the use of CO 2 :
cascade associated with ammonia,
for high-temperature heat pumps and domestic hot water (DHW) systems,
in compact transcritical systems ;
the use of new exchangers such as microchannels to reduce refrigerant charges;
...
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Outlook
Bibliography
Events
IIF working group conferences on phase-change grouts and materials (PCM), plant load reduction (RCR), magnetic cooling http://www.iifiir.org
Standards and norms
- Appendix E: Refrigeration systems and heat pumps – Safety and environmental requirements (Appendix E: Refrigerating systems and heat pumps – Safety and environmental requirements) - NF EN 378-1.2.3.4 - 04-08
Regulations
Regulation (EC) 1005/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 16, 2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
Regulation (EC) 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 17, 2006 on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases, Environment Code, articles R 543-75 to R 543-123 on ozone-depleting substances.
Regulation CE 1516/2007 included...
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) http://www.iifiir.org
Association Française du Froid (AFF) http://www.aff.asso.fr
French Industrial Refrigeration Institute...
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