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1. Conventional safety in cryogenics and operation
Safety rules have to be obeyed whenever cryogenic fluids are present. These fluids are considered as a hazard, whether they are in a liquid or gaseous state (1 L of liquid helium expands to 780 L of gas at ambient pressure and temperature). The ratio of the volume of gas formed and heated to ambient temperature and pressure to the initial volume of liquid is of the same order of magnitude for other cryogenic fluids.
A risk is the resultant of a hazard and a degree of exposure. To reduce the risk, the ideal solution is thus to eliminate or minimize the hazard. Another way is to reduce exposure of the personnel to the hazards, but this is not always feasible. In this case, prevention entails setting up first collective and then personal barriers to avert all accidents that could occur during the different steps in what we can call the “lifetime” of the fluid, i.e....
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Conventional safety in cryogenics and operation
Accidental heat inputs
Literature references
Literature references
Regulations
European Directive DESP/97/23/EC.
Machinery Directive 89/392/EEC and 91/368/EEC.
European Directive 2008/68/EC. inland transport of dangerous goods
Arrêté du 21 septembre 1978 du Journal officiel de la République française relative aux recipients à double paroi utilisés pour l’emmagasinage des gaz liquéfiés à basse température. Version consolidée au...
Standards
- Récipients fixes isolés sous vide - NF EN 13458 -
- Récipients transportables isolés sous vide - NF EN 1251 -
- Récipients cryogéniques, dispositifs de protection contre les surpressions. Partie 3 : détermination du débit à évacuer, capacité et dimensionnement - NF EN 13648-3 - 12-02
- Dispositifs de sécurité pour protection contre les pressions excessives. Partie 1 : Soupapes de sûreté - NF EN ISO 4126-1 -...
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