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1. Main fluids and their applications
1.1 Heat transfer fluid: definition and application examples
A large number of industrial activities involve heating a product to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. Various heating modes can be identified:
the product is heated directly by combustion gases (fuel oil, natural gas), by electric resistors, by inductive or microwave heating;
the product is heated indirectly. In this case, an intermediate circuit is set up between the thermal equipment in which heat is obtained through fuel combustion, the use of an electrical resistor, or even a nuclear reaction in the fuel rods of a nuclear reactor – and the enclosure in which the product is to be packaged. The fluid circulating in this...
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Main fluids and their applications
Selection criteria for heat and cold transfer fluids
Bibliography
- Association française du froid - Guide technique pour le refroidissement indirect. - http://www. association-francaise-du-froid.fr/ouvrages.php
- ASHRAE handbook....
Software tools
COOLPACK, software for calculating fluid physical properties and thermodynamic cycles https://www.ipu.dk/products/coolpack/
EES, equation solver with fluid database
ECHTHERM, a software package developed by GRETh to calculate heat exchangers, including a fluid database
Regulations
Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No 842/2006. Text of April 16, 2014, published in the Official Journal of the European Union on May 20, 2014. https://aida.ineris.fr/consultation_document/30790
Organizations
Associations
IIF/IIR Institut international du froid/International Institute of Refrigeration http://www.iifiir.org
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers http://www.ashrae.org
AFF Association...
Commercial fluids
The names and suppliers of the main commercial fluids are listed in tables 1 and 2 below.
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