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2. Various types of stress and disturbance
A solicitation corresponds to a clear variation in a control variable, whereas a Disturbance generally takes the form of either drift (e.g. fouling) or erratic fluctuations (e.g. weather conditions).
2.1 Transient or unsteady operation of a heat exchanger
The various types of stress can have four main origins. They characterize the operation of the heat exchanger. These are the associated conditions.
Start-up or shut-down: this involves establishing a flow regime for one or more fluids, by opening or closing all or part of a valve. It involves the variation of an extensive quantity, a mass flow rate
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Various types of stress and disturbance
Standard transient behavior models for heat exchangers
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