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5. Conclusion
Introducing biomass by co-firing can rapidly reduce CO 2 emissions from large plants currently running on coal. For contents of less than around 10% by mass, this introduction can be achieved with relatively minor modifications to the plant, by mixing with the fuel. For higher contents, more substantial modifications are required, such as separate injection into the furnace.
Care must be taken to select the right coal/biomass combination(s) to minimize the impact on equipment (fouling, corrosion) and avoid any degradation in performance, particularly in terms of efficiency and flue gas treatment.
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Conclusion
Bibliography
Websites
Biomass Combustion and Co-firing task of the IEA Bioenergy Agreement, IEA Task 32. Co-firing activities and databases of existing plants http://www.ieabcc.nl
Events
European Conferences on Industrial Furnaces and Boilers, biennial event in Portugal http://www.cenertec.pt/infub/
European Biomass Conference, annual http://www.conference-biomass.com/
Regulations
Directive 2008/1/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC Directive) OJEU n° L 24 of January 29, 2008.
Directive no. 2001/80/EC of 10/23/01 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants (GIC directive known as "LGP" for Large Combustion Plants) OJEC no. L 309 of November 27, 2001.
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