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6. Conclusion
The production of electrical energy using wind turbines calls on advanced skills in a wide range of fields: aerodynamics, mechanics, strength of materials, electrical and electronic engineering, public works, etc., not to mention environmental and regulatory aspects. The spectacular development of machines up to the early 2000s led to the production of 2-3 MW class wind turbines and a "systems" approach to their design. Offshore wind energy and its inherent challenges then required new issues to be taken into account, leading to new developments and a further increase in the power of wind turbines. If we are to make further progress, we will once again have to come up with innovative solutions and architectures, master the supply and installation chain for a constantly expanding industry, and guarantee the reliability of our turbines.
Even if building a high-power...
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Conclusion
Appendix – Statistical and economic data
Bibliography
- (1) - GWEC - Global Wind Energy Council. - http://www.gwec.net
- (2) - SER - Syndicat des Énergies Renouvelables. - http://www.enr.fr ...
Events
Colloque national éolien: organized annually by France Renouvelables http://www.colloque-national-eolien.fr
WindEurope Annual Event: organized by the European Wind Energy Association WindEurope http://windeurope.org/events/
...
Software tools
Turbine simulation: OpenFAST (NREL), Bladed (DNV), Hawc2 (DTU), QBlade (TU Berlin), Ashes (NTNU)...
Offshore structures and dynamics simulation: OrcaFlex (Orcina), SIMA (SINTEF), Deeplines (PRINCIPIA), SESAM (DNV), ANSYS...
Wind simulation/location/production: WAsP (DTU), WindPRO (EMD), WindFarmer (DNV), Openwind (UL), WindSim...
Directory
Standardization and certification
Bureau Véritas, France http://www.bureauveritas.fr
DNV, independent certification body http://www.dnv.fr
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