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4. Environmental protection
The concept of clean fuels, i.e. fuels that contribute to better environmental protection, has been developing since the early 1980s, first in the USA and now worldwide. Today, and for a long time to come, it is the need to reduce vehicle pollution and its impact that will govern changes in fuel characteristics, not forgetting the impact on greenhouse gas emissions, which is just as essential.
4.1 Fuel desulfurization
It is recommended, first and foremost, to reduce SO 2 exhaust emissions, since the latter is a major pollutant. This is why, in the past, the mass sulfur content of gasoline has been limited to 1,000 ppm and that of diesel to 2,000 ppm.
Today, much lower sulphur levels are required...
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Environmental protection
Outlook for fuels
Bibliography
- (1) - ALANDER (T.J.A.), LESKINEN (A.P.), RAUNEMAA (T.M.), Rantanen (L.) - Characterization of diesel particles: Effects of fuel reformulation, exhaust aftertreatment, and engine operation on particle carbon composition and volatility. - Environmental Science & Technology 38 (9) : 2707-2714 (2004).
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Websites
Fuel compatibility of vehicles in service http://www.service-public.fr/actualités
European regulations http://ec.europa.eu/environnement/r/transport/fuel.htm
Events
SIA Fuel Congress http://www.sia.fr
THIESEL Congress organized by CMT every 2 years http://www.upv.es/noticias-upv/http://www.cmt.upv.es
Regulations
European Directive 98/70/EC (Fuel Quality Directive) on the quality of petrol and diesel fuels, revised on 1 er April 2009 (Directive 2009/30/EC).
European directive 70/220/EEC, regulation 715 2007 (euro 5) on motor vehicle emissions.
European Directive 2003/30/EC on the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport....
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
IFQC (International Fuel Quality Center) http://www.ifqc.org
IFP Énergies nouvelles http://www.ifpenergiesnouvelles.fr
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers...
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