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3. Primary energy sources
Until the onset of the energy crisis, district heating in France was supplied by boiler plants burning conventional fuels, apart from a few rare cases of household waste incineration plants or combined heat and power plants.
We've seen the development of plants powered by geothermal sources, household waste, industrial waste and solar energy.
As far as the use of nuclear energy is concerned, it seems to have been limited to a few tests.
3.1 Fuels
Uncertainties over fuel prices make the choice a delicate one, given the lifespan of heat production facilities.
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Primary energy sources
Installation of heat-generating systems
Bibliography
Regulations
Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC.
Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 5, 2006 on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and repealing Directive 93/76/EEC.
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