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7. Lifecycle analysis
As we emphasized above, the notion of life cycle, sometimes referred to as "cradle-to-grave" or, in the transport sector, "well-to-wheel", is an essential methodology for assessing the energy balance of a product or service.
To illustrate the different stages to be taken into account in life cycle assessment, let's take the example of a T-shirt manufactured in Asia and used in a European country. The various stages to be considered are shown in figure 3 .
The first stage is the cultivation of cotton (four species are grown), which requires a lot of water, fertilizers, pesticides and defoliants. Around a quarter of the pesticides used worldwide are dedicated to...
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Bibliography
- (1) - POUROUCHOTTAMIN (C.L.E.M.P.) - Nouvelles représentations des consommations d'énergie. - Les cahiers du CLIP, n° 22 (2013).
- (2) - - http://labo-energetic.eu/fr/a_telecharger/Concept_energie_grise.pdf...
Websites
French Environment and Energy Management Agency http://www.ademe.fr
International Energy Agency http://www.iea.org
Areva http://www.areva.com
BP statistical review...
Further information
In the BE "Génie énergétique" bases of Techniques de l'ingénieur.
Events
European Conference on Sustainable Renovation of Buildings http://www.eurima.org
Software tools
Gabi software developed in Germany http://www.gabi-software.com
Simapro software http://www.evea-conseil.com
initially developed in the Netherlands by Pré Consultant http://www.pre.nl
...Standards and norms
- Environmental management – Lifecycle analysis – Principles and framework - NF EN ISO 14040 - 10-06
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