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14. Hydrogen: from dream to reality
Like electricity, hydrogen is an energy carrier. Like electricity, it requires energy to produce. While hydrogen atoms are abundant on Earth (found in water, hydrocarbons and biomass, for example, but associated with other atoms in these compounds), hydrogen molecules (dihydrogen) are rare, and it's these that are needed for energy applications.
The majority (96%) of hydrogen produced today comes from fossil fuels: natural gas (48%), oil (30%) and coal (18%). This production emits CO 2 and therefore contributes to global warming. Only 4% of hydrogen is produced by electrolysis, as this is a much more expensive process.
In the future, hydrogen will have to be produced by electrolysis or biochemical processes if we wish to avoid emitting CO 2 . The problem...
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Hydrogen: from dream to reality
Bibliography
Bibliography
Websites
French Environment and Energy Management Agency http://www.ademe.fr
International Energy Agency http://www.iea.org
Areva http://www.areva.com
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