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9. Conclusion
The nuclear industry has played a pioneering role in the development of detailed rules for the prevention of various modes of damage to installations, given the high level of safety expected of them. Detailed fatigue rules were introduced as early as the 1960s, and have been constantly improved since, and rules for analyzing the risk of sudden rupture were applied as early as the 1970s.
Feedback from operating experience then led to constant updating of design and manufacturing requirements, in view of the need to demonstrate that the margins specified in the design are maintained in service at all times. Developments by manufacturers and operators, both on their own and as part of international collaborations, have also contributed to this evolution.
More recently, the incorporation of the essential requirements of the European Pressure...
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Conclusion
Documentation sources
Text references
Websites
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers http:/;/;www.asme.org
AFCEN Association Française pour les règles de conception et de construction des Chaudières Électro-Nucléaires (French association for the design and construction of electro-nuclear boilers) http:/;/;www.afcen.com
...Regulations
Arrêté du 12 décembre 2005 applicable aux Équipements Sous Pression Nucléaires (ESPN) ; JO de la République Française, January 22, 2006.
Arrêté du 26 février 1974 portant application de la réglementation des appareils à pression aux chaudières nucléaires à eau. Collection of texts published in "Sûreté Nucléaire en France". Les éditions des Journaux Officiels.
Directive 97/;23/;EC...
Standards
- Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme. - NF EN 13445 -
- Tuyauteries industrielles métalliques. - NF EN 13480 -
- Chaudières à tubes d'eau et installations auxiliaires. - NF EN 12952 -
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