4. An example of a hybrid system

4.1 Description and principle of cooling

One of the projects behind the renewed interest in accelerator-driven systems is that of C. Rubbia , who has proposed a lead-cooled fast subcritical reactor.

Originally, the aim was to develop a system for massive energy production. But interest later focused on the system's possible applications in incineration and transmutation. The project's gas pedal system at the time involved three cyclotrons operating in series, carrying protons at an energy of 1 GeV with an intensity of around 10 mA. As we saw in paragraph