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2. General information common to all Zr alloys
2.1 Elaboration, transformation and manufacturers
Transformation of Zr ore (Zircon) containing around 2.5% Hafnium, either using the process most commonly used in Western countries, the Kroll chemical route leading to Zr sponges, or using electrolytic processes, or via the Iodides used by the Russians.
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Compaction of the sponge with recycled material (up to – 40/50% of the charge) and additives (chips of a parent alloy) in the form of electrodes.
Vacuum melting of these electrodes in a consumable-electrode arc furnace, with at least three consecutive melts, to homogenize the alloy's chemical composition.
The resulting ingots...
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General information common to all Zr alloys
Zircaloy alloys
Bibliography
References
Suppliers – manufacturers
(non-exhaustive list)
Zr alloy suppliers
• Cezus
• Electrostall
• Wah-Chang
• Western Zirconium
Sheathing tube manufacturers
• Cezus
• General Electric
• Kobe Steel
• MHI/MMC
...
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