Overview
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ABSTRACT
Additive manufacturing brings together a large set of processes with their own specificities and using various materials in different forms. In order to support companies in making their facilities safer, it is important to take into account these specificities and to list know and emerging risks. This inventory and the associated recommendations are carried out at all stages of the manufacturing chain. This article focuses on the three processes dealing with powdery materials: binder projection, fusion on powder bed, deposition of material under concentrated energy.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Olivier DELLEA: Research Engineer, Grenoble-Alpes University, CEA, Liten, DTNM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Cécile PHILIPPOT: Research Engineer, Grenoble-Alpes University, CEA, Liten, DTNM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Marion ROUSSELON: Installation Safety Engineer, Grenoble-Alpes University, CEA, Liten, DTNM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Joséphine STECK: HSE Research Engineer, Grenoble-Alpes University, CEA, Liten, DTNM, 38000 Grenoble, France
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this article is to present the occupational hazards associated with, and recommendations necessary for, three categories of additive manufacturing processes involving powdered materials and requiring activation energies that can be as high as those of lasers: binder spraying, powder bed melting and material deposition under concentrated energy. To this end, a section is dedicated to each category, detailing all the phases in the manufacturing chain: material storage and preparation, part printing, post-processing operations (removal of supports, de-soldering, etc.) and finishing (polishing, painting, etc.).
The recommendations are organized in accordance with the
XP E67-006
from July 2020, through premises layout, process management and organization. It is important to remember that this analysis concerns normal working conditions and not accidental conditions. Furthermore, the recommendations presented in this article are specific to the three categories of processes presented, and complement the general recommendations detailed in the article.
Given the rapid evolution of the industry, this article does not claim to be an exhaustive list of materials and processing steps. The sequence of operations may be revised according to operational constraints and the technical specificities of the parts to be manufactured. Nevertheless, it provides a practical guide to safe additive manufacturing processes.
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KEYWORDS
additive manufacturing | Occupational safety | Regulation | Binder projection | Fusion on powder bed | Deposition of material under concentrated energy |
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Additive manufacturing -3D printing
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Safety in additive manufacturing
Binder spraying
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Additive manufacturing – Design – Requirements, guidelines and recommendations. - NF EN ISO/ASTM 52910 - Mars 2020
- Additive manufacturing – Safety, health and environment – Requirements for metallic materials. - XP E67-006 - Juillet 2020
Regulations
Council Directive 89/391/EEC of June 12, 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work (OJEC L. 183 of June 29, 1989, CELEX :31989L0391).
Directive 2014/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of February 26, 2014 on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use...
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