Article | REF: BM7922 V1

3D/4D Printing of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

Authors: Antoine LE DUIGOU, Guillaume CHABAUD, Mickaël CASTRO

Publication date: July 10, 2021

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3. 4D printing of composite materials

3.1 Principle and materials for 4D printing

Recently, multifunctional materials have gained in industrial interest, not least because of their ability to generate structures capable of changing shape during use. In this context, research has been carried out into the development of so-called 4D printing technology.

4D printing combines 3D printing technology and the use of intelligent materials with properties that evolve over time and are activated by the application of an external stimulus (temperature, humidity, light, pH, mechanical action, etc.).

The concept of 4D printing is illustrated in figure

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4D printing of composite materials