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2. Properties and applications
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Properties
The essential properties of graphene have long been known, as they determine those of graphite. Graphite is a stack of graphene planes, with a 60° rotation of one plane in relation to the other (Bernal stacking).
In graphene planes, each atom has a sp2 hybridization, which imposes a honeycomb lattice. and establishes three σ-bonds with its three nearest neighbors. The fourth electron propagates through the π bands derived from the pz orbitals perpendicular to the atomic plane; this is what makes graphene a conductive material. In addition,...
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Properties and applications
Graphene shapes and production processes
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Part 13: Graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials. - ISO/TS 80004-13 - 2017
- Nanotechnologies – Matrix of properties and measurement techniques for graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials. - ISO/TR 19733 - 2019
Patents
WO2005073127: "Method for dissolving carbon nanotubes and the use thereof".
WO2009056696: "Graphene solutions".
WO2015189335: "Aqueous and organic suspensions of exfoliated nanocarbon materials, method for making same and uses thereof".
Directory
Graphene producers (non-exhaustive list)
Graphenea – CVD graphene producer
Abalonyx – GERD producer
Applied Graphene Materials – Graphene producer from mechanical...
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