Article | REF: M3016 V1

Lubrication in forming

Author: Éric FELDER

Publication date: September 10, 2008, Review date: August 24, 2021

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3. Plastic crush tests

These tests have the advantage of imposing a well-defined plastic deformation on the metal at a contact pressure above its elastic limit, conditions which are well representative of the unit operations of rolling, drawing, etc., but their representativeness for simulating operations such as multi-pass forming or extrusion is not clearly established.

3.1 Ring test

Historically, it was the first specific metal forming test developed, following a suggestion by Kudo, to determine friction from the geometric evolutions of a product.

At zero friction, crushing produces centrifugal flow and uniform circumferential extension of the ring; friction slows down this centrifugal flow and, when high enough, can even cause centripedal flow in the inner...

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Plastic crush tests