2. External broaching machines
These machines were first developed in the United States during the Second World War. Initially designed for simple operations, they were later extended to more complex operations for medium and large production runs. Milling operations were gradually replaced by these new techniques. This transfer of technology was facilitated by the progress made on semi-finished products (forges, foundries), bringing them as close as possible to finished shapes and dimensions.
2.1 Horizontal machines with fixed spindles
These are still the most widely used horizontal outdoor machines with electromechanical chain drives. Their design is very massive (figure
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External broaching machines