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2. Issues
As major consumers of energy, raw materials (materials – lubricants) and labor (maintenance, etc.), friction and wear have a considerable economic impact, for example:
According to a study carried out by CETIM , the cost of wear and tear in France in the 1990s amounted to 25 billion euros, or nearly 3% of GDP (corrosion, another scourge of our industry, accounts for 4% of GDP). In terms of expenditure, maintenance costs alone account for almost 50% of the total cost;
In the 1980s, American industry estimated that friction losses in the piston-segment-chemise system of internal combustion engines accounted...
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Training organizations (non-exhaustive list)
Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers – Centre d'Actualisation des Connaissances et de l'Étude des Matériaux Industriels (CNAM-CACEMI):
– Surface wear in mechanical engineering
Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) :
– Friction – Lubrication – Tribology: Applications to mechanisms...
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