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4. Towards more sustainable and safe membrane manufacturing
4.1 Solvent replacement
The manufacture of membranes by phase inversion requires the preparation of a collodion obtained by dissolving a polymer and any additives in a solvent. It should be noted that this solvent actually represents the majority of the collodion's constituents (over 70-75% by mass). Table 4 lists the main solvents used in the manufacture of phase inversion membranes. With the exception of acetone, all these solvents are classified as carcinogenic – mutagenic – reprotoxic (CMR). All are derived from fossil fuels and are non-biodegradable.
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Towards more sustainable and safe membrane manufacturing
Bibliography
Bibliography
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
Club Français des Membranes CFM http://www.cfm-membranes.fr/
European Membrane Society EMS https://www.emsoc.eu/
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