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2. Major metabolic engineering successes
2.1 Metabolic engineering and biofuels
The first and certainly the most developed application of metabolic engineering is biofuel production. The use and improvement of naturally ethanol-producing strains such as S. cerevisiae, C. acetobutylicum or Z. mobilis, or slightly modified strains, are at the heart of the development of first-generation fuels.
Using ethanol as the sole fuel poses a number of technical challenges. Firstly, its energy density is only 2/3 that of...
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Major metabolic engineering successes
Rational design and synthetic biology
Bibliography
- (1) - ANASTAS (P.), WARNER (J.C.) - Green chemistry. - US Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/
- (2) - Production of acetone and alcohol...
Standards and norms
CEN Bio-sourced products (TC 411 work), EN 16575, 2014.
CEN Liquid and gaseous fuels, lubricants and other petroleum-related products, synthetic or of biological origin (TC19 work), in progress.
Regulations
In Europe
Directive n° 2009/41/EC of May 6, 2009 on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organisms
In France
Decree no. 2011-1177 of September 23, 2011 on the contained use of genetically modified organisms (consolidated version of September 26, 2011)
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