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5. Detection and safety barriers
5.1 Detection
Process drifts that could lead to accidents must be contained by means of devices that initially inform operators in the surveillance room (visual and/or audible alarm). Secondly, the operators intervene, or a safety action is triggered to stop the drift. Alarms and safety are major elements of process instrumentation, established during process reviews, also known as "yellow reviews" in the case of new projects, but above all during HAZOP-type safety studies. The result is an instrumental safety matrix defining safety thresholds and actions for each element. It will be kept by the instrumentation department and updated for future installation modifications.
Both the causes and consequences of deviations must be detectable.
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Detection and safety barriers
Bibliography
The method was first published in 1974 by LAWLEY*, then successively described in three application guides, the first in 1976 by KNOWLTON* and SHIPLEY of ICI, the second in 1977 by the Chemical Industries Association (CIA)* and the third in 1981, again by KNOWLTON*, but on behalf of Chemetics International Ltd. These guides were followed twenty years later, in 2001, by the international standard IEC 61882 entitled: "Hazard...
Standards and norms
- Étude de danger et d'exploitabilité (études HAZOP) Guide d'application - CEI 61882 – Norme Internationale - 2001
- Safety aspects – Guidelines for inclusion in standards - ISO/CEI 51 - 1999
- Risk management – Vocabulary Guidelines for use in standards - Guide ISO/CEI 73 - 2001
- Sécurité fonctionnelle des systèmes électriques, électroniques programmables relatifs à la sécurité - CEI 61508 - 1re 1998...
Regulations
SEVESO II Directive: 96/82/EC on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances.
Arrêté du 29 septembre 2005 relatif à l'évaluation et à la prise en compte de la probabilité d'occurrence, de la cinétique, de l'intensité des effets et de la gravité des conséquences des accidents potentiels dans les études de dangers des installations classées soumises à autorisation.
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RELIASS (Reliability Safety Software ). Cams Hall-Cams Hill, FAREHAM, PO 16, 8AB Hampshire – UK http//www.reliability-safety-software.com/ Email : [email protected]
...Digital media
PDF-X Change Viewer Version 2.0 Tracker Software Products 2008. http://www.docu-track.com/
Software tools
CISIA June 2000 The Bayesian (version for Windows Vista, [Software] CISIA 1, avenue Herbillon, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France.
Websites
AMIRE Gilles Un Nouveau Guide Internet http://www.imaginet.fr/ime/toc.htm (page consulted June 23, 1999).
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Show: Batimat Reed Expositions International construction show, held every two years in Paris (odd-numbered years) http://www.batimat.com.
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Cerium electrolytic oxidation process and electrolysis unit for its implementation CA2582058.
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