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ABSTRACT
This article is a review of the literature on the different types of face and respiratory masks, their common applications, as well as their advantages and disadvantages in this regard. The materials used and the different manufacturing techniques for these masks are presented. Environmental conditions affecting penetration are also investigated. The related mechanisms of aerosol penetration through masks are also examined. Particular attention has been paid to numerical simulation linked to these mechanisms.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Sedigheh FARZANEH: P4Tech, 23, rue du 8 Mai 1945, 94470 Boissy-Saint-Léger, France
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Mohammadali SHIRINBAYAN: ENSAM, 151, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Michel BOCQUET: ENSAM, 151, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Abbas TCHARKHTCHI: ENSAM, 151, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
INTRODUCTION
To protect people from biological micro-organisms and aerosols, including disease-causing bacteria, viruses and fungi, it is necessary to improve the performance of existing protective devices and develop new, adapted equipment. Since early 2020, the appearance of the new COVID-19 virus has led to increased demand for the adoption of new types of personal protective equipment (PPE) .
There is a wide variety of ways in which micro-organisms can be transmitted, classified according to particle size. For example, airborne transmission, a non-contact mode of propagation, increases the need for face protection, such as masks. This type of transmission can occur either with healthcare personnel or with the patients themselves, but also in various more or less confined areas .
Airborne particles of natural origin (volcanic eruptions, dust storms, fires...) and man-made (such as industrial or automotive emissions) are on the nanometer scale. Several studies have demonstrated the severe impact of inhaling ultrafine particles on respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Inhalation of these particles caused an estimated 8.9 million deaths in 2015
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Filtration efficiency through respirators
Different types of masks
Bibliography
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Respiratory protection devices – Particle filtering half-masks – Requirements, testing, marking - NF EN 149 + A1 - 09/09
- Acoustics – Isosonic level calculation method - ISO 532 - 1975
Regulations
Law no. 83-634 of July 13, 1983 on rights and obligations... (consolidated version of March 3, 2002)
Décret n° 2000-44 du 13 janvier 2000 portant... (consolidated version as of October 5, 2007) JO n° 11 du 14 janvier 2000 page 369 NOR : FPPA9910013D.
Patents
Cerium electrolytic oxidation process and electrolysis unit for its implementation CA2582058.
Patent N202031044170 was filed on December 4, 2020 by Sankha Dey, Sarthak Chatterjee, Saikat Pal, and Dr. Biswarup Neoget. Title: Anti-COVID-19 mask with integrated eye, nose and mouth protection alarm system.
Patent CN111194953 filed May 26, 2020; entitled: The high-temperature anti-virus...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
AHG MEDICAL (Atelier de Haute Garonn) https://auriol-masques.fr/
BIOSERENITY https://www.bioserenity.com/
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