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ABSTRACT
This article presents state-of-the-art composite cylinders for underwater application. In addition to the application domains, this article presents the manufacturing process, the basics of design according to the hydrostatic pressure and the specificities of experimental characterization
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Dominique CHOQUEUSE: Research Engineer - Materials and Structures Department, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France,
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Peter DAVIES: Research Engineer - Materials and Structures Department, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France,
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Benoît BIGOURDAN: Research Engineer - Materials and Structures Department, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France,
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Dominique PERREUX: Professor - Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, and MaHyTec, Dole, France,
INTRODUCTION
Composite materials are widely used in the marine industry, particularly on the water in the construction of pleasure boats. In recent years, more and more applications of composite materials have been found underwater, where the excellent specific properties of these materials make them highly competitive. However, in these new applications, the structures are subjected to external pressures that increase with depth, requiring particular care in their design.
This article reviews the use of composite enclosures underwater. First, the main fields of application are presented: oceanography, underwater vehicles and offshore oil, followed by a reminder of the operating conditions in a marine environment. Methods for manufacturing cylindrical enclosures (filament winding, strip placement) and for non-destructive testing are then described. The sizing of subsea enclosures is based on the analysis of two behaviors:
a tendency to flare up when the ratio of wall thickness to diameter is low;
compression fracture when this ratio becomes significant.
The equations used to calculate the wall thickness required to withstand a given depth are presented. The article concludes with a presentation of the hyperbaric test chambers and a discussion of their durability in the marine environment.
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KEYWORDS
state of art | design | hydrostatic pressure | underwater structures | submersibles | oceanography | composites | filament winding
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Underwater enclosures in composite materials
Fields of application
Bibliography
Software tools
ABAQUS http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/portfolio/abaqus/overview/
ADINA http://www.adina.com/index.shtml/
ANSYS http://www.ansys.com/
COMSOL http://www.comsol.com/
Websites
Ifremer, French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea http://www.ifremer.fr/
MaHyTec, manufacturer of composite cylinders http://www.mahytec.com
Events
Journées Nationales de Composites (JNC), a conference organized in France by AMAC (Association des Matériaux Composites) every two years, http://www.amac-composites.org/manifestations/journees-nationales-composites
JEC Europe, an annual trade show, forum and user conference organized...
Standards and norms
AFNOR NF X 10-812 Marine Environment, Oceanographic Equipment, Environmental Test and Recommendations for Test Equipment.
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