1. Hollow glass microspheres

1.1 Origin

It was in the USA, in the 1960s, that hollow glass microspheres were first produced on an industrial scale, using a process inspired by the observation of the following phenomenon.

During quality control of retroreflective panels made from solid glass microbeads, it became apparent that in some places, the incident light, instead of being reflected, was scattered in all directions. Analysis of these defects revealed that impurities in the glass formulation acted as expanding agents, resulting in the formation of hollow spheres that scattered light rather than reflecting it.

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Hollow glass microspheres

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Syntactic foams

Bibliography

(1) - PUTERMAN (M.) - Syntactic foams - – 1. preparation, structure and properties – Journal of cellular plastics (0021-955X), 16 (4), p. 223 (1980).
(2) - WHITAKER TODD (E.) - Hydrostatic pressure testing of low-density syntactic foam...

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Plastics – Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics – Part 3: Method using a gas pycnometer - NF EN ISO 1183-3 - 1999
Rigid cellular plastics – Determination of compression characteristics - ISO 844 - 2014
Plastics – Determination of compression properties - NF EN ISO 604 - 2004
Rigid cellular plastics -- Determination of bending properties – Part 2: Determination of flexural...