Article | REF: MED7500 V2

Dental composites

Authors: Frédéric CHAPUT, Anne-Charlotte FAURE

Publication date: October 10, 2021, Review date: July 19, 2022

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ABSTRACT

Dental composites are organo-mineral filling biomaterials used for the restoration of damaged teeth. They are, among other things, intended to replace amalgams, while preserving the healthy tissues to which they are bound via an adhesive. This field is at the crossroads of many disciplines: solid-state chemistry, organic chemistry, materials chemistry, colloid chemistry, soft chemistry, solid mechanics, optics, rheology, physics of granular media and biology. This contribution describes the evolution of dental composites from their origins, with emphasis on their structures, preparations, properties and clinical indications.

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AUTHORS

  • Frédéric CHAPUT: PhD in ceramic materials science, Research director at the French national scientific research centre (CNRS) - Laboratoire de chimie, École normale supérieure de Lyon, France

  • Anne-Charlotte FAURE: PhD in inorganic chemistry - Head of research and development ITEN, Dardilly, France

 INTRODUCTION

IIn addition to the constraints related to chewing, our teeth are subjected to multiple stresses day after day that can cause irreversible damages. Shocks or inappropriate mechanical stresses can lead, in the medium to long term, to the fracture of a tooth. A sugar rich diet, poor oral and dental hygiene, certain types of addictions can cause tooth decay with multiple health consequences. Tooth decay is the third most common pathology in the world. For example, 92% of French people have already suffered from caries, and eight out of ten on several occasions! All of these inconveniences require more or less complicated to implement care, depending on the extent of damage to the tooth and their position thereon. In the past, practitioners only had amalgam or poorly controlled or expensive restorative materials at their disposal. The unsightly nature of the resulting repairs, combined with the necessary sacrifice of healthy tissue led researchers to develop, since the mid-1950s, an alternative and high-performance solution: dental composites. These biomaterials have been developed in conjunction with the chemical treatment of teeth on the one hand and dental adhesives on the other hand. It then became possible to make the restoration adherent, the healthy tissue economy in this field was born.

After a brief history of the field of dental restoration and some definitions, the article focuses on the different classifications of dental composites. It then aims to describe in details to the readers (and potential patients), to the practitioners or to the actors of the materials development, the composition and the properties of the dental composites. The article also aims to show the multidisciplinary nature of this topic that has led to the optimization of current dental composites and to the revolution that these materials represent in restorative dentistry.

Nota

the reader will find at the end of the article a glossary of technical terms discussed throughout the article.

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KEYWORDS

polymer   |   restorative dentistry   |   composite   |   nanoparticule


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Dental composites