2. European regulations

2.1 Origins

Following the opening of European borders on January 1 1993, the European Union felt the need to introduce common rules for controlling the transfer of dual-use goods.

• Regulation (EC) No. 3381/94 of December 19, 1994 set up a Community export control system for dual-use goods, allowing both the free movement of goods within the Community and export controls. Decision No. 94/942/CFSP of December 16, 1994 established a list of dual-use goods, bringing together all the lists drawn up by international bodies.

• Regulation (EC) No. 1334/2000 of June 22, 2000 strengthened the harmonization of controls, and now includes a list of dual-use goods and technologies in Annex...