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3. Solid surface morphology
The means of obtaining a solid surface are diverse, ranging from fracture, cleavage or erosion, to formation by a crystal growth process, around a seed or by deposition on a substrate. Depending on the thermodynamic conditions (temperature, pressure, flow, etc.), the surface formed may appear in a stable or metastable equilibrium state, or in a non-equilibrium state.
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Solid surface morphology
Atomic surface structures
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