Overview
ABSTRACT
A critical review of the current knowledge about ionic liquids is presented in this article. A brief description of the new synthesis methodologies is provided. Then the paper widely reports on ionic liquids properties including density, viscosity, temperature range, electrochemical properties, liquid structure but also toxicity. A special focus is made concerning the various in silico predictive methods dedicated to ionic liquids properties. The review concludes with an overview of different applications involving ionic liquids, especially electrodeposition and liquid-liquid extraction of metals.
Read this article from a comprehensive knowledge base, updated and supplemented with articles reviewed by scientific committees.
Read the articleAUTHORS
-
Isabelle BILLARD: Research Director, CNRS Doctorate in Radiochemistry, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble - Grenoble Alpes University, Savoie Mont Blanc University, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Engineering and Management Institute), LEPMI, Grenoble, France
-
Corinne LAGROST: Research Director, CNRS Doctorate in Chemistry, Université Paris-Diderot - University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
INTRODUCTION
Fifteen years after a review that presented the main physico-chemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs), the new solvents of the day, it seemed necessary and important to revisit these compounds, which are as astonishing and multiform as ever, but no doubt less miraculous than researchers had imagined them to be. Starting with the definition of ionic liquids, an overview of their incredible structural diversity will then be given. After detailing new, cleaner and more efficient synthesis methods, new insights into their physico-chemical properties (density, viscosity, liquid phase domain, etc.) will be the focus of this review article, with some insights into the evolution of ideas. The article also describes the toxicity, volatility and flammability of ionic liquids, which were largely unknown in the past and have earned them the now disputed status of "green solvents". Faced with an ever-increasing number of ionic liquids, empirical laws have been proposed to describe their behavior. The limits of this approach will be discussed and compared with the efforts made by modeling techniques to try and pin down their structure in the liquid phase and their properties at interfaces. The solubility and partitioning properties of ionic liquids with traditional molecular solvents and other ionic liquids will then be summarized, followed by a description of some ionic liquid applications. Although they are struggling to make the transition from the laboratory to industry, their use is spreading in a variety of fields, from electrodeposition and liquid-liquid extraction of metals to analytical chemistry, biorefinery, tribology and the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials.
Exclusive to subscribers. 97% yet to be discovered!
You do not have access to this resource.
Click here to request your free trial access!
Already subscribed? Log in!
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
KEYWORDS
liquid-liquid extraction | electrodeposition | electrochemical properties | predictive methods
This article is included in
Physics and chemistry
This offer includes:
Knowledge Base
Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees
Services
A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources
Practical Path
Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills
Doc & Quiz
Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading
Ionic liquids, issues and challenges, from research to industry
Bibliography
Websites
NIST physico-chemical database : https://ilthermo.boulder.nist.gov
Dortmund Data Bank physico-chemical database: http://www.ddbst.com/ddb.html
Exclusive to subscribers. 97% yet to be discovered!
You do not have access to this resource.
Click here to request your free trial access!
Already subscribed? Log in!
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference