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1. Context
Consider the environment of the physicist or engineer. Clearly, one of their objectives is to gain a better understanding of the world around them, in order to control it more effectively. They are therefore naturally inclined to build models to represent reality. Knowledge models occupy a prominent place in the range of available representations.
In this way, the thermic engineer has to solve a partial differential equation, the heat diffusion equation, using an analytical or numerical method, with the necessary initial and boundary conditions. It also assumes full knowledge of the various quantities, or "data", involved in the problem (thermal conductivities and capacities, initial temperature field, excitation, etc.).
This approach, that of solving a problem described above as "direct",...
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