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1. Physical and chemical properties of paper
1.1 Molecular and morphological structure of cellulose
Paper is a fibrous material, with each fiber made up of several hundred microfibrils, grouping together a few hundred cellulose molecules. The average cotton fiber is 30 mm long and 10 μm in diameter . A coniferous wood fiber, called a tracheid, has an average length of 2 to 4 mm; a hardwood fiber is two to three times shorter (average length 1 mm) and 50 to 100 μm wide
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Physical and chemical properties of paper
Aging cellulose and paper
Bibliography
Websites
The Book and Paper Group Annual, American Institute for Conservation of Historic &&&& Artistic Works, Site Editor Eliza Gilligan, University of Virginia Libraries : http://cool.conservation-us.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/
PORCK Henk J. – Rate of Paper Degradation. The Predictive Value of...
Standards and norms
- Paper and cardboard – Determining the moisture content of a batch – Oven-drying method - ISO 287 - 2009
- Paper – Determination of bending strength - ISO 5626 - 1993
- Paper and cardboard – Determining tensile properties – Part 2: Constant strain gradient method (20 mm/min) - ISO 1924-2 - 2008
- Pasta – Determination of tensile strength in wet and dry condition - ISO 15361 - 2000
- Paper, cardboard...
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