Article | REF: AF3810 V1

Acoustics - General equations

Authors: Daniel ROYER, Eugène DIEULESAINT

Publication date: October 10, 2000, Review date: October 21, 2019

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1. Presentation

The propagation of elastic waves, i.e. the various possible mechanical motions in a fluid and in a solid, is studied on the basis of the general equations for the conservation of matter, momentum and energy. The differential equations that determine which motions are allowed to propagate are non-linear, and their solutions cannot be formulated analytically.

  • The study is simplified when the medium is a perfect fluid in which no viscosity, thermal conduction or relaxation is involved: quantities evolve adiabatically, entropy is conserved.

Assuming small motions relative to a state of equilibrium, it is possible to linearize the equations and explain their solutions using the equation of state. The only wave capable of propagating in a perfect fluid is a longitudinal wave: a series of compressions...

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