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13. Similarity and congruence. Real symmetric matrices
13.1 General
Here we examine the link between similarity and congruence. The orthogonal group is defined by
Two real matrices A and B conjugate under the action of O (n) are both similar and congruent: the properties invariant by similarity and congruence are preserved for A and B.
The introduction in this context of Hermitian spaces and the unitary group is subtle and considerably simplifies the approach: it is of the same order as the passage of
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Similarity and congruence. Real symmetric matrices
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference