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4. Analysis and measurement tools
4.1 Lyapunov exhibitors
Beyond the threshold of aperiodic motion in an iterated application, or in a strange attractor of a continuous system, two initially similar trajectories diverge. The Lyapunov exponent quantitatively characterizes chaotic behavior by measuring the average divergence rate of trajectories.
In the case of a one-dimensional iterated application, it can be written as :
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Analysis and measurement tools
Hamiltonian chaos
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