1 - THE NEED AND PURPOSE OF CEM

• 1.1 - Electromagnetic disturbances and interferences
  Figure 1 - Example of various EMI accesses in an equipment (standard EN 50082-2)
• 1.2 - Notions of EMC
  Figure 2 - Emission, immunity and compatibility limits (technical report IEC TR 61000-1-1) Figure 3 - Distribution of emission and immunity probabilities [2] [4]
• 1.3 - Analysis of an EMC problem

2 - SOURCES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

• 2.1 - Lightning
  Figure 5 - Cumulonimbus [1] [2] [3] Figure 6 - Isokeratonic levels [1] [2] [3] Figure 7 - negative lightning discharge [1] [2] [3] Figure 8 - Chronology of a negative discharge [1] [2] [3] Figure 9 - Static field at ground level [1] [2] [3] Figure 10 - Impulsive fields on lightning strike with peak intensity 10 kA [1] [2] [3]. Figure 11 - Elevation of soil potential [1] [2] [3].
• 2.2 - Northern Lights
• 2.3 - Radio-frequency (RF) emissions
  Figure 12 - Mapping the electric field emitted by a GSM relay antenna [5]. Tableau 1 - Main telecommunications transmitters (source Télédiffusion de France) Tableau 2 - Industrial, medical and domestic transmitters (source Télédiffusion [...]
• 2.4 - Industrial activities
  Figure 13 - Digital transmissions Figure 14 - Oscillogram of inductive circuit break (24 V relay) Figure 15 - Wave distorted by harmonics Figure 16 - Current waves from a harmonic generator [2] [3] Figure 17 - Current generated by a three-phase bridge AC/DC converter [2] [3] Figure 18 - Harmonic propagation in a network and consequences on the voltage waveform Figure 19 - Waveform of current and voltage generated by a desktop PC and harmonic decomposition of input current Figure 20 - Spectral distribution of electromagnetic noise in a static converter Figure 21 - Origin and coupling mode of electromagnetic disturbances in a static converter Figure 22 - H field radiated by a compact fluorescent lamp [10]. Figure 23 - Conducted disturbances emitted by a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp (doc. Philips) Figure 24 - Electric field of a 400 kV horizontal high voltage power line measured at 500 kHz [2] [3]. Figure 25 - Frequency-dependent correction of the disturbance field [2] [3].
• 2.5 - Electrostatic discharges
  Tableau 3 - Triboelectric series [11]
• 2.6 - Nuclear electromagnetic pulse NEMP
  Figure 26 - IEMN-HA wave in a high-altitude explosion [12]. Figure 27 - The three parts of NEMP-HA Figure 28 - NEMP-HA scope of action

3 - SIMULATION-BASED APPROACH TO EMC

• 3.1 - EMC CAD and simulation
  Figure 29 - Simplified product design process
• 3.2 - Different families of software tools
• 3.3 - What to simulate and what strategies?
  Figure 30 - Global strategy for simulating device emissions Figure 31 - Example of shielding efficiency simulation Figure 32 - Example of simulation of common-mode currents in a complex system
• 3.4 - Interaction between software tools
  Figure 33 - Numerical methods and tools for EMC simulation according to the level of physical approach to the device. Time and frequency domains

4 - ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ANALYSIS

• 4.1 - Purpose of analysis
• 4.2 - Procedure
  Figure 34 - Analysis of electromagnetic compatibility margins [4].
• 4.3 - Modes of action