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4. Reactor design – Reactor hydraulics and aerodynamics
Reactor efficiency is fundamentally linked to their ability to promote contact between pollutant molecules and bacteria. The reaction medium must be turbulent. The factors to be taken into account are the speed of liquid circulation in the reactor (mechanical energy expended in introducing the liquid, which dissipates in the reactor, and energy supplied by mixing equipment such as agitators or recirculation devices) and the production of biogas bubbles, which cause internal circulation movements in the liquid mass. The latter is a kind of "free energy", but its deployment is not without impact on reactor sizing, insofar as the coalescence of gas bubbles can significantly disrupt the retention of sludge in the reactor (flotation and expulsion of sludge from the top of the reactor to the outside with the liquid current).
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Reactor design – Reactor hydraulics and aerodynamics
Industrial control of biochemical reactions in reactors
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Bibliography
Websites
General information site on methanization and biogas (page consulted August 6, 2008) http://www.lebiogaz.info
Regulatory, technological and economic information on biogas and its valorization (page consulted August 6, 2008) http://www.biogaz.atee.fr
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Pollutec, the international trade show for environmental equipment, technologies and services, is held every two years in Lyon (even-numbered years). http://www.pollutec.com
Standards and norms
French standards
- Electrical equipment for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 10: Hazardous location classification - NF EN 60079-10 - 08-03
- Explosive atmospheres prevention and protection – Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology - PR NF EN 1127-1 - 06-09
- Water quality – Determination of 33 elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy - NF EN ISO 11885 - 1998
Dutch...
Regulations
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Classification of Atex zones
European Directive 1999/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 16, 1999, on minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres (OJEC, January 28, 2000). This directive was transposed into French law by a decree published in the JORF (n° 303 of December...
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Rather than providing a non-exhaustive list of suppliers, which is bound to change rapidly from time to time, we prefer to provide a more universal decision-making aid (see additional technical data section).
Organizations – Federations – Associations
Association Technique Énergie Environnement ATEE...
Statistical and economic data
Given the difficulty of keeping up-to-date information on anaerobic references, you will find below economic data dating from 2002. Only industrial plants larger than 2 to 3 tons COD/day could be identified through published manufacturer data, or by taking into account plants known but not precisely referenced by the manufacturer, or in databases specific to each industry. However, these data show that the...
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