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3. Sources of error
The accuracy of determinations is often difficult to ensure, due to the large number of analytical steps involved, from sample collection and preparation to the assay itself. The causes of error lie at different stages, depending on the nature of the sample. These errors result either from loss of the analyte (deficit values in the results), or from its addition through contamination (excess values).
Losses can be caused by volatilization, absorption, adsorption, transformation, precipitation or co-precipitation as a result of the treatments used during sample preparation and dissolution. However, there are situations where they are only apparent. In other words, even in cases where there has been no loss during preparation, interference during measurement is very often responsible for signal depression (emission, absorption). These are matrix...
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Sources of error
Solution treatment of solid samples
Bibliography
References
Website
American site devoted entirely to sample preparation (Duquesne University)
Standardization
Unlike the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States, French standardization (AFNOR) was only very late in taking an interest in the preparation of environmental samples. This is probably due to the excessive diversity of samples and the division of standardization committees. However, some of them, such as metallurgy, fertilizers and fertilizer materials, drew up standards as early as 1965 to 1975. In...
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