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4. Future issues and challenges
4.1 Automated driving and autonomy
The International Association of Public Transport (UITP), later taken over by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) IEC 62290-1 has defined 4 gradual levels of driving automation, known as GoA for "Grade Of Automation". The maximum achievable level, GoA4, corresponds to fully automated driving, with no human intervention or supervision. A fifth level, GoA0, is sometimes distinguished for conventional tramway operation, which is completely manual, including speed setting.
Level 4 has been a reality in the metro world for over 30 years, with numerous lines in commercial operation around the world, whether in Asia (Hong Kong, Singapore...)...
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Future issues and challenges
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Bibliography
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Railway applications – Classification system for railway vehicles. Part 4 – Function groups. - NF EN 15380-4 - 03-13
- Electronic railway equipment – Train onboard network (TCN) – Part 1: general architecture. - IEC 61375-1 - 06-12
- Railway applications – Signalling, telecommunication and processing systems – Software for rail control and protection systems. - NF EN 50128 - 10-11
- Programmable controllers...
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