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5. Conclusion
Mankind has been using micro-organisms to produce compounds for food or industrial use for a long time, but this technique is now finding new meaning in the perspective of replacing fossil resources with natural ones. Since the 1990s and the beginnings of metabolic engineering, research and industry have been developing genetically modified micro-organisms for the production of new compounds by fermentation. As we have seen, genetic manipulation and modeling techniques from synthetic biology and molecular biology are making it possible to consider these problems more globally and rationally. We anticipate that the new generation of strains will offer significantly higher yields than their predecessors. Recent advances in the world of biofuels and organic acids show us that metabolic engineering is well on the way to becoming applicable on an industrial scale and competitive with conventional...
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Conclusion
Bibliography
- (1) - ANASTAS (P.), WARNER (J.C.) - Green chemistry. - US Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/
- (2) - Production of acetone and alcohol...
Standards and norms
CEN Bio-sourced products (TC 411 work), EN 16575, 2014.
CEN Liquid and gaseous fuels, lubricants and other petroleum-related products, synthetic or of biological origin (TC19 work), in progress.
Regulations
In Europe
Directive n° 2009/41/EC of May 6, 2009 on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organisms
In France
Decree no. 2011-1177 of September 23, 2011 on the contained use of genetically modified organisms (consolidated version of September 26, 2011)
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference