5. Going further... starting with products and engineering

For more than a century, the evolution of production systems has radically transformed the product offering. , thus moving from a standardized single-product definition for rigid mass production to an adapted offer enabled by flexible, reconfigurable production strategies. Based on these organizational changes in production, design departments have had to extend their development to product families. The meaningful idea is to be able to produce on demand, exploiting product variety and customization. As a result, fluctuating needs have led to flexibility in design, methods and production systems. This same demand, which can evolve...