2. Determining friction using numerical simulation

Numerical calculation methods using finite elements can be used to calculate the distribution of stresses and strains at any point in the material, and at any time, for three-dimensional parts. These results depend on the friction between the tool and the product, thus illustrating the interaction between plasticity and tribology.

We will describe a methodology for determining a coefficient of friction between a tool and a material for different lubricants and types of load. The first step is to determine a material behavior law and a friction law. The material is then subjected to rheological tests close to forming conditions,...