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5. Conclusion
In this article, the general principles of blast furnace operation have been presented on the basis of the general staged heat balance model, in which the blast furnace is represented as two superimposed heat and chemical exchangers separated by an isothermal zone. The importance of the radial component was highlighted and led to adaptations of the model. More sophisticated 2D and 3D multiphase models have recently been developed, using innovative numerical techniques; however, they are still based on the representation of the simple two-exchanger model.
The specific operation of the nozzle zone, where all the energy required for the process is generated, was described, as were the phenomena associated with the injection of auxiliary fuels. The massive injection of pulverized coal, as a substitute for coke, makes a major contribution to improving the economic performance...
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Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Software tools
Fact Sage Integrated Data Base: thermodynamic database of mineral species; online calculation tools for reaction quantities, complex multiphase equilibria and phase diagrams
http://www.crct.polymtl.ca/factsage/fs_general.php
JANAF: thermodynamic data table for mineral species; on-line calculation...
Websites
Metallurgical Research and Technology: formerly Revue de Métallurgie; articles on cast iron production; online article summaries and abstracts; calendar of forthcoming conferences of interest to Metallurgy :
http://www.metallurgical-research.org/
ISIJ International: an open-access Japanese technical journal publishing...
Events
European Steel Technology and Application Days (ESTAD) :
International conferences organized every 2 years jointly by the four main European steel metallurgy federations; the conference includes several sessions on blast furnace pig iron production.
https://www.metec-estad2019.com/
ICSTI (International...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Engineering company supplying equipment, instrumentation and technical solutions for blast furnaces; regular publication of Paul Wurth SA technical magazines:
PRIMETAL Technologies :
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