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2. Stainless steels and machinability
2.1 A reminder of the different structures
The different structures of stainless steels have very different machining behaviors. The four main families are: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic and austeno-ferritic.
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Austenitic steels have a face-centered cubic structure and generally contain 18% chromium, 8-10% nickel and 0.02-0.06% carbon. Molybdenum improves their corrosion resistance.
These steels are hyper-hardened from 1,050 or 1,100°C to avoid precipitation of chromium carbides at grain boundaries.
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Ferritics, with their cubic-centered structure, mainly comprise two families: chromium-rich (25% to 30%) and 17% chromium.
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