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2. Physical properties of metals and alloys
2.1 Thermal properties
A solid is characterized by the fact that its constituent atoms occupy well-defined equilibrium positions in space. In reality, the atoms are in motion around these equilibrium positions, performing small-amplitude oscillations. Lindemann used the fact that, at fusion temperature, the amplitude of the vibrations reached a certain fraction of the interatomic distance as a criterion for fusion. These atomic movements and their consequences are discussed below.
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Physical properties of metals and alloys
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